Email message in Outlook is plain text (or not see images) instead of html

Tools | Trust Centre | Email Security | Read as Plain Text,
Clear the tick in front of 'Read all standard mail in plain text'.

How to sum data from different Excel sheets?

It is referred to as to consolidate data from multiple sheets into a master sheet.

1. Drag your mouse to select the cells corresponding to those in multiple sheets. Note: It would not work if you click the top-left corner box.
2. Date | Consolidate.
3. Click the icon under 'Reference'.
4. Go to the first data sheet, and drag-select all the cells. Click the icon again. Click 'Add'.
5. Go to the second data sheet, and repeat Step 4. Repeat until all the data sheets are done.
6. Click OK.

Done.

In addition to 'Addition', you can also do average, counting, max, min, product, etc.

Chrome - In Outlook Web App, can not attach files when composing a new email

There are two solutions -

1. Checking 'Use the light version of Outlook Web App' when signing in. Will be able to attach files.

2.

http://www.c7solutions.com/2014/09/group-policy-import-to-fix-google-chrome-v37-issues-with-exchange-server-and-microsoft-crm

A recent update to Google Chrome (37.0.2062.120) removed the ability to support modal dialog boxes. This are dialogs that require your attention and stop you going back to the previous page until you have completed the info required – these are very useful in workflow type scenarios.
Google claim that as 0.004% of web sites use them (from Google anonymous statistics gathering that you can opt into in Chrome) they are justified in removing support for them – but they have not removed other things that have the same level of support!
With this version of Chrome (or the Chromium open source browser) there is a work around until April 30th 2015 that will allow modal dialogs to work again. Without this work around clicking links in OWA and ECP in Exchange 2010 and OWA and EAC in Exchange Online and Exchange 2013 will not popup. This can cause issues such as the inability to attach files in OWA and to create objects in ECP/EAC for the administrator. Popups in Microsoft CRM also do not work.
As a work around you could use a different browser, but if Chrome works for you (or does not in this case) and you are joined to a domain then you can download the following GPO export file and import it into your Active Directory to enable modal dialogs to work again in Exchange Server, Office 365 and Microsoft CRM products.
To download and import this GPO file to enable Chrome modal dialog box functionality to resume (until 30th April 2015, when Google stop allowing the work around) follow these steps:

1. Download Google Chrome Show Modal Dialog Before 30 April 2015.zip
2. Copy to a domain controller and expand the zip file. Ensure the contents of the zip file are not placed directly on your desktop as you cannot import from the desktop directly, so if you expand the zip to the desktop then copy the one folder that was created into a new subfolder.
3. Start Group Policy Management MMC admin tool.
4. Expand Forest > Domain > Your Domain > Group Policy Objects.
5. Right click “Group Policy Objects” and choose New
6. Create a new GPO called “Chrome and Chromium Modal Dialog Box Allow”:
   
7. Right click “Chrome and Chromium Modal Dialog Box Allow” GPO that you just made and choose Import Settings
8. Proceed through the import wizard. You do not need to backup this new GPO on the second page of the dialog as the new GPO is empty.
9. On the third page of the wizard browse to the parent folder containing the contents of the download above:
   
10. Click Next and you should see one backed up GPO listed:
    
11. Click Next to import this. If you click View Settings first a web page will open showing you that this GPO sets two registry keys for the computer and two registry keys for the user. These set SOFTWARE\Policies\Chromium\EnableDeprecatedWebPlatformFeatures and Software\Policies\Google\Chrome\EnableDeprecatedWebPlatformFeatures (for both Chromium and Chrome browsers) with a reg key (type string) 1:ShowModalDialog_EffectiveUntil20150430
12. Proceed with Next and then Finish and the import will begin:
    
13. Click OK.
14. Now link the GPO object to the root of your domain so it impacts all users and to the root of any OU that blocks inheritance. Import to other domains as above or link from this domain depending upon your current policy for managing GPO cross domains.
15. Delete the zip and folder you downloaded. They are not needed any more.

How to copy Chinese and English texts from a photo PDF file?

Adobe Acrobat
Tools | Text Recognition | In this file | Edit | Priamary OCR Language,

Choose Chinese, then English will also be OK.

Can not download files in IE

Can not download a file in IE, but can download the same file in Chrome, etc.

Solution: change the extension name into .dat

Ubuntu Linux Network Configuration

https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/network-configuration.html


Ubuntu ships with a number of graphical utilities to configure your network devices. This document is geared toward server administrators and will focus on managing your network on the command line.

Ethernet Interfaces

Ethernet interfaces are identified by the system using the naming convention of ethX, where X represents a numeric value. The first Ethernet interface is typically identified as eth0, the second as eth1, and all others should move up in numerical order.

Identify Ethernet Interfaces

To quickly identify all available Ethernet interfaces, you can use the ifconfig command as shown below.

ifconfig -a | grep eth
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:15:c5:4a:16:5a

Another application that can help identify all network interfaces available to your system is the lshw command. In the example below, lshw shows a single Ethernet interface with the logical name of eth0 along with bus information, driver details and all supported capabilities.

sudo lshw -class network
  *-network
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX
       vendor: Broadcom Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
       logical name: eth0
       version: 02
       serial: 00:15:c5:4a:16:5a
       size: 10MB/s
       capacity: 100MB/s
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: (snipped for brevity)
       configuration: (snipped for brevity)
       resources: irq:17 memory:ef9fe000-ef9fffff

Ethernet Interface Logical Names

Interface logical names are configured in the file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. If you would like control which interface receives a particular logical name, find the line matching the interfaces physical MAC address and modify the value of NAME=ethX to the desired logical name. Reboot the system to commit your changes.

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:15:c5:4a:16:5a", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:15:c5:4a:16:5b", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

Ethernet Interface Settings

ethtool is a program that displays and changes Ethernet card settings such as auto-negotiation, port speed, duplex mode, and Wake-on-LAN. It is not installed by default, but is available for installation in the repositories.

sudo apt-get install ethtool

The following is an example of how to view supported features and configured settings of an Ethernet interface.

sudo ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
        Supported ports: [ TP ]
        Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
                                1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full 
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
        Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
                                1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full 
        Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
        Speed: 1000Mb/s
        Duplex: Full
        Port: Twisted Pair
        PHYAD: 1
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: on
        Supports Wake-on: g
        Wake-on: d
        Current message level: 0x000000ff (255)
        Link detected: yes

Changes made with the ethtool command are temporary and will be lost after a reboot. If you would like to retain settings, simply add the desired ethtool command to a pre-up statement in the interface configuration file /etc/network/interfaces.
The following is an example of how the interface identified as eth0 could be permanently configured with a port speed of 1000Mb/s running in full duplex mode.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
pre-up /usr/sbin/ethtool -s eth0 speed 1000 duplex full

	Although the example above shows the interface configured to use the static method, it actually works with other methods as well, such as DHCP. The example is meant to demonstrate only proper placement of the pre-up statement in relation to the rest of the interface configuration.

IP Addressing

The following section describes the process of configuring your systems IP address and default gateway needed for communicating on a local area network and the Internet.

Temporary IP Address Assignment

For temporary network configurations, you can use standard commands such as ip, ifconfig and route, which are also found on most other GNU/Linux operating systems. These commands allow you to configure settings which take effect immediately, however they are not persistent and will be lost after a reboot.
To temporarily configure an IP address, you can use the ifconfig command in the following manner. Just modify the IP address and subnet mask to match your network requirements.

sudo ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0

To verify the IP address configuration of eth0, you can use the ifconfig command in the following manner.

ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:15:c5:4a:16:5a  
          inet addr:10.0.0.100  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::215:c5ff:fe4a:165a/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:466475604 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:403172654 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:2574778386 (2.5 GB)  TX bytes:1618367329 (1.6 GB)
          Interrupt:16 

To configure a default gateway, you can use the route command in the following manner. Modify the default gateway address to match your network requirements.

sudo route add default gw 10.0.0.1 eth0

To verify your default gateway configuration, you can use the route command in the following manner.

route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         10.0.0.1        0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

If you require DNS for your temporary network configuration, you can add DNS server IP addresses in the file /etc/resolv.conf. The example below shows how to enter two DNS servers to /etc/resolv.conf, which should be changed to servers appropriate for your network. A more lengthy description of DNS client configuration is in a following section.

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

If you no longer need this configuration and wish to purge all IP configuration from an interface, you can use the ip command with the flush option as shown below.

ip addr flush eth0

	Flushing the IP configuration using the ip command does not clear the contents of /etc/resolv.conf. You must remove or modify those entries manually.

Dynamic IP Address Assignment (DHCP Client)

To configure your server to use DHCP for dynamic address assignment, add the dhcp method to the inet address family statement for the appropriate interface in the file /etc/network/interfaces. The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as eth0.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command which initiates the DHCP process via dhclient.

sudo ifup eth0

To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command, which in turn will initiate the DHCP release process and shut down the interface.

sudo ifdown eth0

Static IP Address Assignment

To configure your system to use a static IP address assignment, add the static method to the inet address family statement for the appropriate interface in the file /etc/network/interfaces. The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as eth0. Change the address, netmask, and gateway values to meet the requirements of your network.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.1

By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command.

sudo ifup eth0

To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command.

sudo ifdown eth0

Loopback Interface

The loopback interface is identified by the system as lo and has a default IP address of 127.0.0.1. It can be viewed using the ifconfig command.

ifconfig lo
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:2718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:183308 (183.3 KB)  TX bytes:183308 (183.3 KB)

By default, there should be two lines in /etc/network/interfaces responsible for automatically configuring your loopback interface. It is recommended that you keep the default settings unless you have a specific purpose for changing them. An example of the two default lines are shown below.

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Name Resolution

Name resolution as it relates to IP networking is the process of mapping IP addresses to hostnames, making it easier to identify resources on a network. The following section will explain how to properly configure your system for name resolution using DNS and static hostname records.

DNS Client Configuration

To configure your system to use DNS for name resolution, add the IP addresses of the DNS servers that are appropriate for your network in the file /etc/resolv.conf. You can also add an optional DNS suffix search-lists to match your network domain names.
Below is an example of a typical configuration of /etc/resolv.conf for a server on the domain "example.com" and using two public DNS servers.

search example.com
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

The search option can also be used with multiple domain names so that DNS queries will be appended in the order in which they are entered. For example, your network may have multiple sub-domains to search; a parent domain of example.com, and two sub-domains, sales.example.com and dev.example.com.
If you have multiple domains you wish to search, your configuration might look like the following.

search example.com sales.example.com dev.example.com
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

If you try to ping a host with the name of server1, your system will automatically query DNS for its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the following order:

1. server1.example.com
2. server1.sales.example.com
3. server1.dev.example.com

If no matches are found, the DNS server will provide a result of notfound and the DNS query will fail.

Static Hostnames

Static hostnames are locally defined hostname-to-IP mappings located in the file /etc/hosts. Entries in the hosts file will have precedence over DNS by default. This means that if your system tries to resolve a hostname and it matches an entry in /etc/hosts, it will not attempt to look up the record in DNS. In some configurations, especially when Internet access is not required, servers that communicate with a limited number of resources can be conveniently set to use static hostnames instead of DNS.
The following is an example of a hosts file where a number of local servers have been identified by simple hostnames, aliases and their equivalent Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN's).

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 ubuntu-server
10.0.0.11 server1.example.com server1 vpn
10.0.0.12 server2.example.com server2 mail
10.0.0.13 server3.example.com server3 www
10.0.0.14 server4.example.com server4 file

	In the above example, notice that each of the servers have been given aliases in addition to their proper names and FQDN's. Server1 has been mapped to the name vpn, server2 is referred to as mail, server3 as www, and server4 as file.

Name Service Switch Configuration

The order in which your system selects a method of resolving hostnames to IP addresses is controlled by the Name Service Switch (NSS) configuration file /etc/nsswitch.conf. As mentioned in the previous section, typically static hostnames defined in the systems /etc/hosts file have precedence over names resolved from DNS. The following is an example of the line responsible for this order of hostname lookups in the file /etc/nsswitch.conf.

hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4

• files first tries to resolve static hostnames located in /etc/hosts.
• mdns4_minimal attempts to resolve the name using Multicast DNS.
• [NOTFOUND=return] means that any response of notfound by the preceeding mdns4_minimal process should be treated as authoritative and that the system should not try to continue hunting for an answer.
• dns represents a legacy unicast DNS query.
• mdns4 represents a Multicast DNS query.

To modify the order of the above mentioned name resolution methods, you can simply change the hosts: string to the value of your choosing. For example, if you prefer to use legacy Unicast DNS versus Multicast DNS, you can change the string in /etc/nsswitch.conf as shown below.

hosts:          files dns [NOTFOUND=return] mdns4_minimal mdns4

Bridging

Bridging multiple interfaces is a more advanced configuration, but is very useful in multiple scenarios. One scenario is setting up a bridge with multiple network interfaces, then using a firewall to filter traffic between two network segments. Another scenario is using bridge on a system with one interface to allow virtual machines direct access to the outside network. The following example covers the latter scenario.
Before configuring a bridge you will need to install the bridge-utils package. To install the package, in a terminal enter:

sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

Next, configure the bridge by editing /etc/network/interfaces:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.10
        network 192.168.0.0
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        broadcast 192.168.0.255
        gateway 192.168.0.1
        bridge_ports eth0
        bridge_fd 9
        bridge_hello 2
        bridge_maxage 12
        bridge_stp off

	Enter the appropriate values for your physical interface and network.

Now restart networking to enable the bridge interface:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

The new bridge interface should now be up and running. The brctl provides useful information about the state of the bridge, controls which interfaces are part of the bridge, etc. See man brctl for more information.

Resources

• The Ubuntu Wiki Network page has links to articles covering more advanced network configuration.
• The interfaces man page has details on more options for /etc/network/interfaces.
• The dhclient man page has details on more options for configuring DHCP client settings.
• For more information on DNS client configuration see the resolver man page. Also, Chapter 6 of O'Reilly's Linux Network Administrator's Guide is a good source of resolver and name service configuration information.
• For more information on bridging see the brctl man page and the Linux Foundation's Net:Bridge page.

Ubuntu Linux - How to install software?

https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/installing-from-cd.html

Installing the package groups is accomplished using the tasksel utility. One of the important differences between Ubuntu (or Debian) and other GNU/Linux distribution is that, when installed, a package is also configured to reasonable defaults, eventually prompting you for additional required information. Likewise, when installing a task, the packages are not only installed, but also configured to provided a fully integrated service.

Once the installation process has finished you can view a list of available tasks by entering the following from a terminal prompt:

tasksel --list-tasks

The output will list tasks from other Ubuntu based distributions such as Kubuntu and Edubuntu. Note that you can also invoke the tasksel command by itself, which will bring up a menu of the different tasks available.

You can view a list of which packages are installed with each task using the --task-packages option. For example, to list the packages installed with the DNS Server task enter the following:

tasksel --task-packages dns-server

The output of the command should list:

bind9-doc 
bind9utils 
bind9

If you did not install one of the tasks during the installation process, but for example you decide to make your new LAMP server a DNS server as well, simply insert the installation CD and from a terminal:

sudo tasksel install dns-server