How to use marks and jumps in vim?
https://www.linux.com/news/vim-tips-moving-around-using-marks-and-jumps/
31 January 2022
How to use marks and jumps in vim?
How to split windows in vim, or say how to use viewport in vim?
How to split windows in vim, or say how to use viewport in vim?
https://www.linux.com/training-tutorials/vim-tips-using-viewports/
29 January 2022
Ordered or unordered list styled with unicode symbols
https://css-tricks.com/ordered-lists-unicode-symbols/
But it seems that the following method is even better -
https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/tryit.asp?filename=trycss_content_list-bullets
26 January 2022
How to break all lines into 78 character long all at once in vim?
(Author: Sherman Chen)
Method 1
========
:set textwidth=78
gggqG
"gg" takes you to the first line, "gq" is the format operator and "G" the motion that jumps to the last line.
Method 2
========
:set textwidth=78
:1,$g/.*/normal jgwap
Method 3
========
1. :set linebreak
to recover those broken words at the end of each line into whole words.
2. :set textwidth=78
3. Find a line which is longer than 78 characters, say line #3. Move the cursor to that line minus one, i.e. 3 - 1 = 2.
4. qaj$aa Backspace Escape q
5. See how many lines the file contains totally, say, 100.
6. gg
7. 100@a Enter
All the lines will become 78 character long now.
Method 4 (which has improved Method 3)
========
1. :set linebreak
to recover those broken words at the end of each line into whole words.
2. :set textwidth=78
3. Move the cursor to any line which is longer than 78 characters.
4. qa$aa Backspace Escape q
5. :%normal @a
All the lines will become 78 character long now.
(END)
23 January 2022
13 January 2022
How to automatically break long lines if lines are too long in vim?
To break long lines,
:set textwidth=78
To prevent a line from being broken from within a word,
:set linebreak
:set textwidth=78
To prevent a line from being broken from within a word,
:set linebreak
09 January 2022
01 January 2022
How to amend older commit messages in git?
How to amend older commit messages in git?
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History
Changing Multiple Commit Messages
To modify a commit that is farther back in your history, you must move to more complex tools. Git doesn’t have a modify-history tool, but you can use the rebase tool to rebase a series of commits onto the HEAD that they were originally based on instead of moving them to another one. With the interactive rebase tool, you can then stop after each commit you want to modify and change the message, add files, or do whatever you wish. You can run rebase interactively by adding the -i option to git rebase. You must indicate how far back you want to rewrite commits by telling the command which commit to rebase onto.
For example, if you want to change the last three commit messages, or any of the commit messages in that group, you supply as an argument to git rebase -i the parent of the last commit you want to edit, which is HEAD~2^ or HEAD~3. It may be easier to remember the ~3 because you’re trying to edit the last three commits, but keep in mind that you’re actually designating four commits ago, the parent of the last commit you want to edit:
$ git rebase -i HEAD~3
Remember again that this is a rebasing command — every commit in the range HEAD~3..HEAD with a changed message and all of its descendants will be rewritten. Don’t include any commit you’ve already pushed to a central server — doing so will confuse other developers by providing an alternate version of the same change.
Running this command gives you a list of commits in your text editor that looks something like this:
pick f7f3f6d Change my name a bit
pick 310154e Update README formatting and add blame
pick a5f4a0d Add cat-file
# Rebase 710f0f8..a5f4a0d onto 710f0f8
#
# Commands:
# p, pick <commit> = use commit
# r, reword <commit> = use commit, but edit the commit message
# e, edit <commit> = use commit, but stop for amending
# s, squash <commit> = use commit, but meld into previous commit
# f, fixup <commit> = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
# x, exec <command> = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
# b, break = stop here (continue rebase later with 'git rebase --continue')
# d, drop <commit> = remove commit
# l, label <label> = label current HEAD with a name
# t, reset <label> = reset HEAD to a label
# m, merge [-C <commit> | -c <commit>] <label> [# <oneline>]
# . create a merge commit using the original merge commit's
# . message (or the oneline, if no original merge commit was
# . specified). Use -c <commit> to reword the commit message.
#
# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
#
# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
#
# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
#
# Note that empty commits are commented out
It’s important to note that these commits are listed in the opposite order than you normally see them using the log command. If you run a log, you see something like this:
$ git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" HEAD~3..HEAD
a5f4a0d Add cat-file
310154e Update README formatting and add blame
f7f3f6d Change my name a bit
Notice the reverse order. The interactive rebase gives you a script that it’s going to run. It will start at the commit you specify on the command line (HEAD~3) and replay the changes introduced in each of these commits from top to bottom. It lists the oldest at the top, rather than the newest, because that’s the first one it will replay.
You need to edit the script so that it stops at the commit you want to edit. To do so, change the word “pick” to the word “edit” for each of the commits you want the script to stop after. For example, to modify only the third commit message, you change the file to look like this:
edit f7f3f6d Change my name a bit
pick 310154e Update README formatting and add blame
pick a5f4a0d Add cat-file
When you save and exit the editor, Git rewinds you back to the last commit in that list and drops you on the command line with the following message:
$ git rebase -i HEAD~3
Stopped at f7f3f6d... Change my name a bit
You can amend the commit now, with
git commit --amend
Once you're satisfied with your changes, run
git rebase --continue
These instructions tell you exactly what to do. Type:
$ git commit --amend
Change the commit message, and exit the editor. Then, run:
$ git rebase --continue
This command will apply the other two commits automatically, and then you’re done. If you change pick to edit on more lines, you can repeat these steps for each commit you change to edit. Each time, Git will stop, let you amend the commit, and continue when you’re finished.
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History
Changing Multiple Commit Messages
To modify a commit that is farther back in your history, you must move to more complex tools. Git doesn’t have a modify-history tool, but you can use the rebase tool to rebase a series of commits onto the HEAD that they were originally based on instead of moving them to another one. With the interactive rebase tool, you can then stop after each commit you want to modify and change the message, add files, or do whatever you wish. You can run rebase interactively by adding the -i option to git rebase. You must indicate how far back you want to rewrite commits by telling the command which commit to rebase onto.
For example, if you want to change the last three commit messages, or any of the commit messages in that group, you supply as an argument to git rebase -i the parent of the last commit you want to edit, which is HEAD~2^ or HEAD~3. It may be easier to remember the ~3 because you’re trying to edit the last three commits, but keep in mind that you’re actually designating four commits ago, the parent of the last commit you want to edit:
$ git rebase -i HEAD~3
Remember again that this is a rebasing command — every commit in the range HEAD~3..HEAD with a changed message and all of its descendants will be rewritten. Don’t include any commit you’ve already pushed to a central server — doing so will confuse other developers by providing an alternate version of the same change.
Running this command gives you a list of commits in your text editor that looks something like this:
pick f7f3f6d Change my name a bit
pick 310154e Update README formatting and add blame
pick a5f4a0d Add cat-file
# Rebase 710f0f8..a5f4a0d onto 710f0f8
#
# Commands:
# p, pick <commit> = use commit
# r, reword <commit> = use commit, but edit the commit message
# e, edit <commit> = use commit, but stop for amending
# s, squash <commit> = use commit, but meld into previous commit
# f, fixup <commit> = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
# x, exec <command> = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
# b, break = stop here (continue rebase later with 'git rebase --continue')
# d, drop <commit> = remove commit
# l, label <label> = label current HEAD with a name
# t, reset <label> = reset HEAD to a label
# m, merge [-C <commit> | -c <commit>] <label> [# <oneline>]
# . create a merge commit using the original merge commit's
# . message (or the oneline, if no original merge commit was
# . specified). Use -c <commit> to reword the commit message.
#
# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
#
# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
#
# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
#
# Note that empty commits are commented out
It’s important to note that these commits are listed in the opposite order than you normally see them using the log command. If you run a log, you see something like this:
$ git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" HEAD~3..HEAD
a5f4a0d Add cat-file
310154e Update README formatting and add blame
f7f3f6d Change my name a bit
Notice the reverse order. The interactive rebase gives you a script that it’s going to run. It will start at the commit you specify on the command line (HEAD~3) and replay the changes introduced in each of these commits from top to bottom. It lists the oldest at the top, rather than the newest, because that’s the first one it will replay.
You need to edit the script so that it stops at the commit you want to edit. To do so, change the word “pick” to the word “edit” for each of the commits you want the script to stop after. For example, to modify only the third commit message, you change the file to look like this:
edit f7f3f6d Change my name a bit
pick 310154e Update README formatting and add blame
pick a5f4a0d Add cat-file
When you save and exit the editor, Git rewinds you back to the last commit in that list and drops you on the command line with the following message:
$ git rebase -i HEAD~3
Stopped at f7f3f6d... Change my name a bit
You can amend the commit now, with
git commit --amend
Once you're satisfied with your changes, run
git rebase --continue
These instructions tell you exactly what to do. Type:
$ git commit --amend
Change the commit message, and exit the editor. Then, run:
$ git rebase --continue
This command will apply the other two commits automatically, and then you’re done. If you change pick to edit on more lines, you can repeat these steps for each commit you change to edit. Each time, Git will stop, let you amend the commit, and continue when you’re finished.
How to Remove all large files by a file extension name e.g. .mp4 or by file size from Every Commit in git?
How to Remove all large files by a file extension name e.g. .mp4 or by file size from Every Commit in git?
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